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Russian Booker Prize
The Russian Booker Prize ((ロシア語:Русский Букер), ''Russian Booker'') is a Russian literary award modelled after the Man Booker Prize. It was inaugurated by English Chief Executive Sir Michael Harris Caine in 1992. The country's premier literary prize,〔 it is awarded to the best work of fiction written in the Russian language each year as decided by a panel of judges, irrespective of the writer's citizenship. , the chair of the Russian Booker Prize Committee is British journalist George Walden. The prize is the first Russian non-governmental literary award since the country's 1917 Revolution.〔David Braund: ''(The New Russia )'', "Lucrative literature: the Booker Prize in Russia", Sally Dalton-Brown, D. M. Pursglove, Intellect Books, 1995, ISBN 9781871516876, pp.23–33〕
Each year, a jury chooses a short list of the six best novels up for nomination from a "long list" of nominees. Initially, the winner received £10,000, roughly 48,000 RUB or $16,000.〔 This has since increased to a sum of 600,000 rubles in 2011, roughly $20,000 (roughly £13,000), while each of the short listed finalists earns $2,000 (roughly £1,300). The criteria for inclusion includes literary effort, representativeness of the contemporary literary genres and the author's reputation as a writer. Length is not a criterion, as books with between 40 and 60 pages have been nominated in the past.〔 From 1997 to 2001, the award was renamed the Smirnoff–Booker Literary Prize, in honour of entrepreneur and Smirnoff founder Pyotr Smirnov. From 2002 to 2005, Open Russia NGO was the general sponsor of the Booker Literary Prize in Russia, leading to its name change to the Booker–Open Russia Literary Prize during that time. Before the announcement of the 2005 winner, the Booker Foundation decided to end its partnership with Open Russia after the foundation's chairman, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, was sentenced to nine years in prison for tax evasion. In 2005, the committee signed a five-year contract with London-based BP. In 2010, the prize ran into funding problems and preparations for the 2010 prize were suspended because no new sponsor could be found. Since 2011 new sponsor is Russian Telecom Equipment Company (RTEC).〔
In 2011, a "novel of the decade" was chosen due to lack of sponsorship to hold the customary award. Five finalists were chosen from sixty nominees selected from the prize's past winners and finalists since 2001.〔 Chudakov won posthumously with ''A Gloom Is Cast Upon the Ancient Steps'', which takes place in a fictional town in Kazakhstan and describes life under Stalinist Russia.〔 Lyudmila Ulitskaya holds the record for most nominations (five, winning once), followed by Andrei Dmitriev (four, winning once) and Alexey Slapovsky (four, no wins). No person has won the award more than once.
==Winners and Nominees==
* Winners
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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